In 2019, I received my Ph.D. in Computer Science (Computer Engineering) from UC San Diego. My research focused on understanding the ecosystem of manually-operated malware, culminating in my dissertation, Understanding the Remote Access Trojan malware ecosystem through the lens of the infamous DarkComet RAT.

In 2015, I received my M.S. in Computer Science from UC San Diego. My research exam, The U.S. Electrical Power Grid as a Cyber-Physical System: Understanding Exposed Attack Surfaces, catalogues a number of hypothetical attacks on power grid infrastructure.

In 2013, I received my B.S. in Computer Engineering at Clemson University, where I was a member of the National Scholars Program (NSP). For my senior thesis, I worked on a project circumventing Internet censorship, Internet Freedom in West Africa: Technical Support for Journalists and Democracy Advocates.